Although Disneyland is without a doubt well-known for its amusement rides, the real magic can be found at the entertaining shows. Whether it's your first visit to Disneyland or your fiftieth, there are always new shows to see – as well as a few favorites that fans return to again and again. While you're enjoying the resort, try to stop in on a few of the following shows:

The Enchanted Tiki Room

If you find yourself in Disneyland's Adventureland, you'll want to make it a point to see the Enchanted Tiki Room. This live action show has plenty to offer visitors of all sorts, particularly families with young children. There are over 200 animated characters of a tropical background, such as tikis, Hawaiian gods, and singing birds. The live drummers also add excitement and authenticity to the show. A tropical storm simulation and plenty of great songs will entertain and impress kids and adults alike. Disneyland's Enchanted Tiki Room as been hosting tiki-themed shows since 1963. It opened in an era when Polynesian cultures were all the rage, and has been considered a hit ever since.

It's Tough to Be a Bug

If you've ever wondered what life is like from a bug's point of view, then you have to see this show. It's Tough to Be a Bug can be found in "A Bug's Land," which is located in Disney's California Adventure Park, next door to Disneyland.This is a 3-D short movie complete with tons of cutting edge special effects. A terrific experience for both adults and children, the movie uses audio-animatronics and other special effects to make visitors feel as if they are traveling with the bugs of the Disney-Pixar Movie 'A Bug's Life.”

Honey, I Shrunk the Audience

If you enjoyed the "Honey, I Shrunk" movies, then you won't want to miss Honey, I Shrunk the Audience. This is also a 3-D movie that offers a seriously realistic feel. As with the 'It's Tough to Be a Bug' show, you will be able to embark on an adventure that puts you in the shoes of a much, much smaller you. This film features special effects and jaw-dropping graphics that will have you looking at the world in an entirely new light.

The Electrical Parade

Whether you're a parent taking your children on a family vacation or finally satisfying your inner child's urge to visit California's Disneyland park, you have to make it a point to see the Electrical Parade at least once during your stay. This parade is unlike anything you've ever seen and you certainly won't regret making the time for it. It cuts directly through the Sunshine Plaza in Adventureland and features electrical animal-shaped floats that boast more than 500,000 lights. You will find characters you know and love as well and are sure to even meet a few new ones. Disney's Main Street Electrical Parade has been part of summers at Disneyland for nearly four decades, but it does come and go, so be sure to see it if you have the opportunity!

Are you looking to create a garden oasis that will instantly transport your mind to a relaxed tropical island? A tiki garden might be just the thing to add an interesting touch to your garden. The plants that you include in your tiki garden will have a huge effect on the overall atmosphere. To keep the garden true to the South Pacific, you are going to need to look into quite a few different species of plant, as the tiki garden should have an exotic and somewhat wild appearance. Some good starters include hibiscus, bird of paradise, orchids, and heliconia.

Tropical hibiscus is a flowering bush. The flowers of the hibiscus are what many of us consider to be the traditional "Hawaiian flower" and are available in a multitude of colors. The hibiscus flower has rounded petals that often sport a slightly ruffled texture towards the outward tips. The inner portion of the flower either darkens or lightens in color depending on the species. This plant should receive at least 12 hours of direct sunlight and requires mild winters in order to survive outdoors. The tropical hibiscus is somewhat intolerant to excessive water so try not to over-water the plant.

The bird of paradise flower is aptly named such because its brightly colored blue, orange, and yellow petals look very similar to an exotic bird. This is a large plant that averages around five feet tall once fully mature, so it will need plenty of room to grow. It should also be planted in a raised location to prevent the soil from accumulating too much water.

Orchids are a wonderful addition to any tiki garden. They are exotic yet graceful and classy in appearance. You will be spoiled for choice between species, as they vary in shape, color, and even texture. Some orchid plants grow close to the ground while others can grow quite tall. Bear in mind that the shorter variety are more likely to be found in a tropical environment. Orchids can be a bit tricky to grow from seeds, but you can easily purchase "already started" orchids from a local garden nursery that you simply transplant into the ground or a pot. 

Heliconia is a gorgeous fiery plant that grows on a long stalk to a height of anywhere from five to twenty feet. It is nicknamed "lobster claw" because the rows of flowers look strikingly similar to a lobster's claw. You can choose from a variety of sizes, such as medium-sized or tall bushes, depending on your garden's needs. The heliconia plant does require well-drained soil, so try not to plant it in a spot where water can collect. Allow the soil to dry a bit between waterings.

The organization of these plants is completely up to you. They all offer a range of colors, sizes, and textures that can be strategically placed around your garden, or in a more free-form array. Those in tropical regions can plant these varieties outdoors, while those in cooler climates can create a garden in flower pots.

For many of us, the word "tiki" brings up mental pictures of grass skirts, flowered necklaces, and wooden statues with large heads. The tiki theme is all about the South Pacific, including the Hawaiian Islands, which tends to accentuate the wilderness and relaxation. You don't have to go to an expensive tiki themed night club or restaurant to enjoy this type of tranquil atmosphere. In fact, you can enjoy your very own indoor or outdoor tiki garden, depending on where you live. If you have the benefit of living in a warmer climate, you could turn your backyard into a lush, tropical escape. If you live in the cool northern regions, a sun room could be just the ticket to creating your own island retreat. 

You might be wondering how to get started growing a tiki garden. There are a few things you will need to focus on in order to capture the true feel of the tiki theme. Tiki statues or carvings, running water, and tropical plants are the basics, though your tiki garden can certainly become much more elaborate, if you wish.

Outdoor Tiki Garden

If your region can provide the warmth to support tropical plant life, then it is highly recommended that you create an outdoor tiki garden. Southern areas such as California, Florida, Arizona, and even southern Georgia and Louisiana are good examples of areas that could produce a terrific tiki garden. Your backyard has a lot to offer as far as options go, especially when it comes to creating a realistic island atmosphere. The first item on the list is tiki statues. What would a tiki garden be without at least one tiki statue? Because these areas of the U.S. aren't typically known as hotbeds of tiki culture, look online for the widest selection. You don't have to litter your garden with tiki statues. Simply collect a few that you really like. Tiki garden statues range greatly in size, and your chosen statues should complement the space you have to work with. 

For the true tiki garden, you might want to consider putting together a waterfall or fountain. The sound of trickling water can be a wonderful miniature impersonation of the ocean and is sure to add to the relaxing air of your tiki garden. Bamboo or rattan furniture can also keep your tiki garden looking authentic and inviting.

Indoor Tiki Garden

Don't feel discouraged if you live in a cooler climate. You can still have your tiki retreat indoors! A sun room is the perfect place to create a tiki atmosphere. Many tropical plants do quite well in pots provided they are kept in a nice sunny location. With the benefit of a ceiling you can also use hanging plants to encourage an exotic feel to the room. Small tabletop waterfalls can be used to add a bit of serenity to your tiki garden. With a bit of creativity you can easily turn your tiki garden into a relaxing sanctuary as well as a hot spot for tiki themed parties.

There are many symbols of Hawaiian culture, such as the lei, the tiki statue, or perhaps even the mai tai. Many of these symbols instantly conjure up images of the beach. The conch shell, one popular Hawaiian symbol,  is still used and revered today. A conch is a large, curved seashell that when blown into, will emit a deep, resounding noise. There are two types of shells that can be used: the cassis cornuta and the triton. Depending on how the conch is used, the volume can be low or it could be made to carry as far as a couple of miles.

The conch shell, or “pu” as the Hawaiian people call it, was often used during ancient rituals and chants, particularly to mark the beginning of a formal procedure. One mythological story depicts an ancient race of miniature gods called the Menehune. The Menehune resided in the Waolani, or heavenly place, on Oahu. They were reportedly controlled by the sound of a conch shell, which was used by Chief Kiha. One day, the Menehune stole the conch from the chief and blew it so loudly and continuously that the villagers complained to the chief. The chief sent one of his people to retrieve the conch shell but on the journey back to the village the conch shell was chipped. This chipped shell can be seen at the Bishop Museum in Honolulu.

Some historical conch shells have been a more recent discovery. Take for instance the pu that was recovered from the sunken yacht of King Kamehameha II, along with his long lost treasure. The conch was found by a team of archaeologists from Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History. It was buried in the sand of the North Shore of Kauai after the treasure was first placed there. It is thought that the conch shell along with the other artifacts recovered were intended to be used to welcome King Liholiho who was visiting the area on his royal yacht.

Traditionally, conch shells have been used as a way to show honor to someone. One such instance was the 112th birthday of Duke Kahanamoku, a legendary Hawaiian surfer. The ceremony began with the approach of a canoe called Hawaii Loa flanked by 112 surfers and other canoes. As the procession came near the beach, a conch shell was blown. Another conch on the shore sounded to the North, South, East, and West in response. 

The conch shell, or pu, is still used in Hawaii today. It is often blown at hula festivals, especially during the presentation of the royal court. It is also used as an opening ritual for the state legislature of Hawaii and as a show of respect to celebrities, royalty, and other important people. Countless traditional ceremonies such as weddings and parties still kick off with a good conch bellow. The next time you find yourself in a formal Hawaiian gathering or luau, don’t be surprised if you hear the resounding call of the pu.

When you hear the word “tiki” or see a tiki symbol, what does it make you think of? Does your mind bring up images of island chants and rituals or foreboding looking statues? There are actually quite a few different ideas behind the Tiki, some of which are related and others which come from widely ranging origins.

One such story surrounding the Tiki is derived from Polynesian mythology which suggests that the hei tiki sculpture represents the embodiment of a god. This sculpture is said to contain a spirit within. Many Polynesian beliefs center on the idea that Tiki was the first man to inhabit the earth. Tikis can be found in many Polynesian countries. For instance, women from the Maori tribes of New Zealand often wear small tikis strung onto a necklace that, when worn around their necks, are said to help stave off infertility.

Another variety of tiki can be found on Easter Island in the form of the giant moia, a series of over 200 sculptures located all over the island. These tikis were at one point idolized by the former inhabitants. The discovery of the moia by Europeans in the early 1720’s, when they were stumbled upon Jacob Roggeveen, touched off centuries of speculation regarding their past. The moia tikis range in size, but many are quite large, with a few estimated to weigh as much as 80 tons.

The tiki became a trendy symbol in the United States around the 1930’s, when clubs, restaurants, and similar hangouts took on a theme imitating the Polynesian culture. These hotspots often had colorful fabrics accenting the tables and walls, rattan furniture, open-flamed torches mounted to the walls and floor, and even tropically-themed alcoholic drinks. The popularity of the Polynesian theme spread throughout the 1930s, and it continued to do so as soldiers from the second World War returned home. Many had actually spent time in Polynesia and the tokens and gifts they brought back to friends and family helped the tiki craze along. Eventually touches of Polynesian culture could be found in many areas of architecture and home decorating, where it lives on as “tiki” style.

The demand for tiki-themed items, parties, and décor hit a second bout of popularity when Hawaii became a part of the United States in 1959. Today, this fad might seem 'cheap' or 'tacky' to some, but it's kitschy and unusual to others. Dinner parties or even  your whole home can be transformed into a mystical, carefree atmosphere with a few simple tiki items such as wooden signs, tiki torches, rattan furniture, and even place mats.

Tiki statues can still be found on many islands as a message of greeting to tourists, adorning tee shirts and other souvenirs, and even as logos in local businesses. Tiki symbols may be fashionable, but they will always have a deep-seated meaning to the cultures they represent. While we may feel as though “tiki” is merely a means to imitate the island atmosphere of Polynesia, the roots of this trend run quite deep in ancient Polynesian culture.

Whether you’re visiting Hawaii for pleasure or business, there’s always the question of where to catch dinner. Why not lose yourself in a wonderful entertainment venue while you dine on some delicious ethnic food? The Hawaiian Islands offer a vast array of places where you can not only grab a meal but gain a real cultural experience.

Waikiki, one of the most popular resort areas on Oahu, it is practically bursting with wonderful “dinner and a show” venues. You can see everything from a mystical magic show to a spectacular musical. A variety of large and small productions can be found on a regular basis. While some places do require reservations, most venues exercise a more relaxed structure.

If you’re looking for something a bit more orientated towards the family scene, particularly if you have young children, then you should definitely consider seeing a dinner show at the Outrigger. Their headlining group, the Society of Seven, has been playing Waikiki’s main showroom for about three decades now and they specialize in doing celebrity impersonations, musical performances, and funny skits that will have you reeling in your seat. You certainly won’t regret seeing what Honolulu Magazine called 'The Best Show in Waikiki.'

If it’s the thrill of a mystical, magical atmosphere you seek, then you won’t want to miss out on the Magic of Polynesia, located at the Waikiki Beachcomber. The Magic of Polynesia features John Hirokawa, a truly captivating illusionist and former apprentice to David Copperfield. He has an amazing knack for disappearance. His daring escape routines frequently make audience members gasp in amazement.  In the past John Hirokawa has received the honor of having his show named the most original routine by the International Magicians Society. 

Have you always wanted to see the Polynesian musical legend Don Ho perform but missed the chance? Although he passed away in 2007, you might be able to catch his daughter, Hoku, performing her pop/soul style music in Hawaii. You may recall a few of her hits, such as “Another Dumb Blonde” and “Perfect Day,” both of which received plenty of radio air time on the mainland and have been featured in movies as well as television commercials.

Oahu obviously has plenty to offer visitors of Hawaii, but that’s not where all of the fun can be found. If you find yourself in Maui then consider checking out the Ulalena, which can be seen at Lahainais’s Maui Myth and Magic Theater. This is a musical that features a fusion of traditional, mythological, and historical Hawaiian songs and dances, giving visitors the chance to explore the history of Hawaii.

Looking for something a bit more traditional? The classic Hawaiian luau can be observed in many, many venues all over the Hawaiian Islands. In fact, if you're staying on the islands, there's a good chance that your hotel hosts a weekly luau for guests. If not, there are plenty of chances to seek out a luau as you explore the Hawaiian islands, and this opportunity is not to be missed.

The ancient Hawaiians, being of Polynesian influence, were quite knowledgeable in the ways of sea travel. While the first ancient Hawaiians came from other Polynesian islands, those living in Hawaii soon developed their own methods and canoe designs to make traveling from island to island easier. The ancient canoe designs of the Hawaiians included sailing canoes and paddling canoes. Paddling canoes were easier to launch and land. However, canoes equipped with sails were typically quicker and easier to maneuver.

In Polynesia, each section of islands developed their own type of canoe. For the Hawaiian islands, canoes consisted of a deep, V-sided hulls that enabled them to pierce through the waves and navigate the waters even during windy weather. Under the waterline, the ancient Hawaiian canoes sported flowing curvature that not only minimized drag in the water but provided the canoes with a strong, sound base. The Hawaiians were aware that straight lines and basic curves resulted in structural weakness and increased the water’s resistance against the canoe; therefore they avoided both of these elements in their engineering.

Early types of canoe sail were made of fine matting. The matting was cut into strips and sewn into a large triangular shape. The resulting triangular cloth was secured to two spars to produce a sail. In most areas, such as the Cook islands, New Zealand, and Marquesas, the sail shape was an equilateral triangle—one in which all three sides are the same length. Eventually this type of sail was exchanged for a square-shaped one.

As time progressed, changes were soon needed in the shape of the canoe. One drastic change occurred during King Kamehameha’s conquests to unite the islands of Hawaii. His army was often making long trips in canoes that simply couldn’t carry enough supplies and weapons for the journey. To solve this problem, the peleleu class war canoes were developed. These canoes sported a deeper hull and fuller sails that enabled them to sail with or against the wind. They also came equipped with swivel guns and improved rigging.

Eventually the need for long-distance voyages dwindled away as frequent short-trips between the islands gained popularity. It was during this time that canoes became powered by manpower and paddles rather than sails. Early on, the men tasked with the job of paddling were usually the chief’s bodyguards, as they were highly trained and trustworthy. Paddling the canoes made water-travel possible regardless of the wind direction/strength and the current. The bottom of these canoes allowed more of a rounded shape as well as a shallower hull than their predecessors.

As times changed, so did the needs of the Hawaiian travelers. When Kamehameha passed a law that dissolved the boundaries between the island kingdoms, the Hawaiian people were allowed unhindered travel between the islands. This safer method of travel meant that the chiefs didn’t need an entire barrage of bodyguards to paddle the canoes, which in turn meant falling back to the sailing method of canoe power.

The engineering of European ships eventually had a huge impact on Hawaiian water travel. Still, most travelers elected to use canoes for travel and trading between islands all the way into the early 1900’s, long after European-style ships became a common sight in Hawaii.

Most people on the mainland are familiar with the characteristic flowers, leaves, and vines that adorn Hawaiian fabric, but it wasn’t always that way. In fact, the first settlers of Hawaii used to make their own cloth out of mulberry tree bark. They would pound the bark into a malleable pulp similar to thick paper, which went by the name of kapa.

When American missionaries visited the Hawaiian natives, they learned about modern fabrics and sewing. Then, they developed the decorative styles that they are known for today. These textile methods were soon applied to traditional quilting patterns. Quilting has been a cultural tradition for the Hawaiian people for almost two hundred years. During this time, they have developed a very unique style of quilting. Today, both Hawaiian women and men take pleasure in creating traditional, contemporary, and uniquely abstract quilts.

History of Hawaiian Quilts

Hawaiian women learned how to quilt from the New England missionaries in the early nineteenth century. Before quilting, Hawaiians originally covered their beds with kapa moe, which is made by beating the bark of the mulberry tree, felting it, and then strategically dying the blanket to produce a traditional pattern. After the Hawaiians were taught the modern quilting techniques by the missionaries, they fused their traditional patterns with the newly learned quilting style and Western fabrics. This produced wholly unique blankets reflecting their unique island culture blended with western methods.

Hawaiian Quilting Techniques

Most Hawaiian quilting techniques are based on appliqué, meaning that patterns are cut from scraps of colorful or patterned cloth and then sewn onto the main fabric. One of the prominent techniques used in Hawaiian quilting is the “snowflake” technique. This requires a square piece of fabric to be folded over a number of times with strategic cuts being made at the creases. This results in a perfectly symmetrical shape. This technique was taught to the Hawaiian women by the American missionaries and became a favorite technique among the people. They also use a technique called “echo,” which is simply the practice of mimicking the main pattern throughout the entirety of the quilt, similar to the rippling effect that occurs when a leaf lands on water. Hawaiian quilting techniques also involve the use of motifs, or repeating patterns throughout the quilt.

Popular Hawaiian Quilt Designs

The Hawaiian culture is centered around nature, which is why many Hawaiian quiltmakers draw their design inspirations from the natural world. Floral patterns and leaves, branches, and other natural elements are often incorporated into Hawaiian quilts. They also might design a quilt to reflect some of their own life experiences or family history. It is tradition for a Hawaiian quilt to be named after its inspiration.

Famous Hawaiian Quilts

Although one of the main characteristics of a Hawaiian quilt is its distinctive design, there are a few Hawaiian designs that have become somewhat famous over the years. One such design is called the Flag Quilt, or sometimes the My Beloved Flag quilt. This design incorporates the Hawaiian flag and symbols of Hawaiian royalty as a portrayal of loyalty and honor to the Hawaiian kingdom.

Queen Liliuokalani’s Quilt is a very famous Hawaiian quilt and is considered to be a priceless historical Hawaiian artifact. Queen Liliuokalani created this quilt herself and utilized a technique called the “crazy quilting” style. She made this quilt during the collapse of the Hawaiian monarchy, while she was imprisoned in her own fortress. 

The naupaka is a Hawaiian shrub that produces highly unique flowers. The white petals span only half of the flower, making it look as though half of the petals have been plucked away. The naupaka has been the center of many Hawaiian legends throughout history and has even been romanticized as being the reincarnation of a Hawaiian woman who was separated from her true love.

There are several different versions of the traditional story of the naupaka flower. One of the early versions goes something like this: Naupaka was an ancient Hawaiian princess. One day she appeared so sad that the villagers approached the monarchs about her sadness. Naupaka’s parents asked what was upsetting her. Naupaka replied, “I have fallen in love with a commoner named Kaui.” This was indeed a troubling predicament because the ancient laws strictly prohibited those in the royal family from marrying people of common birth.

In Naupaka and Kaui’s desperation to be together, they went in search of a solution to their problem. Their journey took them up a mountain where they found a kahuna (priest) staying at the temple there. His reply to the lovers was, “There is nothing that I can do for you.” He then instructed them to pray in the temple.

Rain began to fall as Naupaka and Kaui prayed, their hearts overwhelmed with sorrow. Realizing that their union would not be allowed by the Gods, they embraced one last time. Naupaka pulled a flower from her hair and tore half of the flower away. She kept one half for herself and gave the other half to Kaui. She then said, “Go and live down by the water. I will stay here on the mountain.” The nearby flowers watched as the two lovers went their separate ways. Saddened by their sorrow, the plants would forever produce flowers containing only half of their petals. Although there are several versions of this legend that are told, each story surrounds the same tragic principle of lovers who must remain separated from each other—one living on the mountain and the other on the beach.

The formal botanical name for the naupaka is scaevola sencea and it is one of the most common plants found in Hawaii, particularly around the beach areas. Naupaka has nine varieties and can easily be spotted growing all over the state. It can grow as much as ten feet tall and six to 15 feet wide, and is adorned with white flowers that are usually streaked with purple from the center going outward. The flowers grow in small clusters, surrounded by large green leaves and white fruit.

If you live near the beach and would like to keep your garden looking tropical yet manicured and private, the naupaka kahakai would be a great plant to grow. When left to its own devices, this plant can appear lush and intensely exotic. Yet if kept trimmed, it can easily appear modern with a touch of exoticism. Even if you do not live near the beach, the naupaka kahakai can lend a relaxing air to your garden, providing you with a wonderful escape from the pressures of everyday life.

The Samoan Fire Knife Dance is a truly spectacular dance. This dance was created in 1946 by Letuli Olo Misilagi of Samoa. Its origins date back to the ancient Samoan Ailao, a dance also called the Knife Dance. Letuli was inspired by circus fire eaters to add fire to the knives, creating a spectacle that soon became wildly popular in Samoa and beyond.

The Fire Knife Dance is truly one of the fiercest dances because its original purpose was that the men do this dance before engaging in war. Men with fierce faces twirl flaming knives beating out the rhythm of the drums with their feet while also slapping their bodies. Originally, these dancers twirled traditional war knives, known as nifo oti, as a way to show their power and intimidate the enemy. Letuli’s contribution by adding fire made this dance a favorite with crowds, and at the same time it created a beautiful and mesmerizing style of dance.

Noting the popularity of the dance he had created, Letuli began working on a book about it, which was to be titled “Flaming Sword of Samoa: The Story of the Samoan Fire Knife Dance.” Unfortunately, he died in 2003 in Honolulu before he was able to complete his book, and it had to be published without his final thoughts. Today, Letuli is known as the 'father' of the Samoan Fire Knife Dance. Despite his death, Knife Dancers carry on Letuli’s tradition, and the dance has spread far from Samoa. It is frequently performed on many of the Polynesian islands and even on the mainland, where dancers are often drawn to this unique style because of its use of knives and flames.

Hawaiian vacationers have the opportunity to watch the Fire Knife Dance in many of the luaus and dance revues around the islands. There, it has become something of a staple, especially after dark. In Hawaii, the fire knife dance has become a source of great pride, and there is an annual World Fire Knife Dance Competition held on Oahu at the Polynesian Culture Center. Many from Samoa enjoy seeing their native culture take center stage, with participants coming from all over the world to take part in this traditional Samoan dance festival. Every May at the world competition, teens learning this unique dance participate in their own Junior competition on the North Shore, held for ages 12 to 17. This competition is widely attended and is a must see when visiting Oahu.

This is a dance that takes a great deal of athletic skill. Because the knives are on fire, it is not without danger. Of course, that is a large part of what makes the dance so exciting. More than a popular spectacle, it is a tradition, having been passed from generation to generation, each time with increasing complexity, boldness, and skill. Dancers combine unflinching bravery in the ever-present face of danger with the coordination and skill to twirl flaming knives in a mesmerizing and dazzling performance.

Hawaii and pineapple simply seem to go together. If you've ever sipped a pina colada or eaten a bite of sweet and sour shrimp, then you understand the tangy allure of this tropical fruit. A Blue Hawaii just isn't the same without a chunk of delicious pineapple. For many years, it has been Hawaii's largest crop, especially on the island of Lanai, also known as “Pineapple Island.” Lanai is one of the smallest occupied Hawaiian islands, measuring just 140.5 acres. It lies in the rain shadow of neighboring Maui. Because of its location, Lanai offers one of the more arid climates in the Hawaiian island chain.

In the early 1900’s, ambitious farmers attempted to grow cash crops (sugar cane and beets) as well as raising sheep for their wool. Unfortunately, there was little success here because there was too little fresh water to grow these crops or feed livestock.

Despite these failures, the idea of farms on Lanai actually dates back much earlier, and is even found in ancient Hawaiian legends. Legend has it that the son of a chief angered his father by accidentally wiping out a crop of breadfruit.  As a punishment, he was banished to the island of Lanai, which was considered to be haunted by evil spirits. The man worked the land, eventually making it his home after discovering that indeed, there were no evil spirits on the island.

In 1922, James Dole purchased the entire island and began to farm it for pineapple. Eventually, Dole began to can this popular fruit. Soon, more than three quarters of the pineapple grown on Lanai was exported off the island to the U.S. mainland and abroad. For many years the Dole company was the primary producer of pineapple in the world. At this time, the idea of getting pineapple in the grocery store was still new, drawing people all over the world to this tropical treat. Lanai was overtaken by dozens of acres of pineapple plantations. Eventually the market started to decline as the interest in pineapple began to wane, although large quantities of pineapple are still grown in Lanai to this day.

For the years that Dole was in control of Lanai, the Dole pineapple plantations were a major provider of employment for native Hawaiians as well as many others internationally. Chinese and Japanese farm workers were brought to the islands because of their ability to work the fields quickly and efficiently. On Lanai, these cultures mixed with that of the native Hawaiians, creating a unique blend. Today, those with Chinese and Japanese ancestry are now a part of Hawaii as much as the native Hawaiians.

Once the production of pineapple started to slow, the island of Lanai turned to an interest in tourism. In 1985 Rupert Murdock bought the island and further developed it as a favorite tourist destination.  Pineapple is still produced in a small amount on Lanai and the other Hawaiian Islands. While it is no longer the island's primary industry, it continues to contribute to that special flavor of Hawaii.

Hawaii's Iolani Palace is the only royal palace located within the United Stated. A National Historic Landmark, it is located in downtown Honolulu.

When King Kamehameha III became king, he lived in a beautiful grass dwelling. After spending many years grieving the death of his beloved sister Nahi’ena’ena, he returned to the seat of Hawaiian government in Honolulu. There, a stately house had been built for his niece, Victoria Kamamalu. This home eventually became Hawaii's palace.

This original structure, at that time known as Hanailoia, was built in 1844. It was a one-story wooden building taking up about a third of the space now occupied by the current Iolani Palace. The original palace had no real bedrooms, only a throne room and several other rooms for large meetings or public gatherings. Sleeping quarters for the royal family were to be found in small dwellings on the Palace grounds for the royal family. The original structure served as the official home of the monarchy during the reigns of Kamehameha IV, Kamehameha V, and Lunalilo, and was still in use when King Kalakaua began his reign.

In 1874, it was determined that this original structure had termite infestation, and that a new Palace must be built. At the time, the Hawaiian Legislature was unwilling to fund an elaborate palace, instead calling for a more modest structure. King David Kalakaua, however, lobbied actively to have a grander palace built.

King Kalakaua had his way, and the I'olani Palace was built as the seat of the Hawaiian government. It cost $320,000 to built – a vast sum in the nineteenth century Kalakaua was the first of the Hawaiian monarchy to travel extensively in Europe, which likely influenced the design of his new palace. This royal palace combined both Hawaiian and western styles of architecture, and from the time of its completion in 1882 was seen as a symbol of Hawaii's emergence into the modern world. This distinctive architectural style, known as American Florentine, can only be found in Hawaii.

After the death of King Kalakaua, Lili’uokalani became Queen. She struggled to protect the interests of native Hawaiians and the monarchy, and was eventually overthrown in 1893, less than a decade after the grand Iolani Palace had been built. After the overthrow, Lili’uokalani was kept under house arrest in a private apartment at the palace, while other members of the monarchy were evicted from the royal palace. Only after the Queen abdicated her power was she released from the Palace. The monarchy of Hawaii was dissolved.

Although the monarchy of Hawaii only resided in the Palace for a short period, today I’olani Palace remains a proud symbol of Hawaiian heritage. Following the overthrowing of the monarchy in 1893, the palace building became the capitol building. Renamed the “Executive Building” once the monarchy was overthrown, the name Iolani Palace was restored in 1935. The building was used by Hawaii's provisional, territorial, and state governments. During World War II, it served as a military headquarters. The last governmental functions departed Iolani Palace in 1969 for the newly finished Hawaii State Capitol building. In 1978, the building was restored; it has now been opened to the public as a museum.

Coffee addicts around the world love the aroma of fresh-brewed Kona coffee. Grown only in Hawaii, it's one of the reasons why the smell of coffee is in the air nearly everywhere you travel in the Aloha State. In Hawaii, coffee is the sixth biggest agricultural crop, with more than 580 separate coffee farms in the state. Whether you sip your Hawaiian coffee lounging on a beach chair, watching the waves gently lapping at the shore, or grab a cup on your way into the office, a sip of Kona coffee is sure to transport your mind to the beautiful oasis that is Hawaii.

The Island of Kaua'i is known for coffee, with more than 4,000 acres. There are also big coffee farms on the Big Island and Moloka'i. Kona coffee is grown only on the southwestern part of the Big Island. Farms growing Kona coffee are found on the slops of Mount Haulalai and Mauna Loa. This is the only place in the United States that has been growing coffee commercially for more than a decade. Today, Kona coffee is among the most popular types of coffee in the world. Only coffee grown in this area of Hawaii can be called Kona coffee.

How did the growing of coffee begin in Hawaii? Coffee is not native to the islands. The first plants were brought there by a missionary in the 1820s aboard the H.M.S. Blonde. These plants were originally cultivated in Brazil. Reverend Samuel Ruggles soon found that the plants did well in Hawaii's climate and rich soil. The first coffee plants were cultivated in Manoa Valley, Oahu, and were soon introduced to other islands in Hawaii. Small, family-run coffee farms began bringing in Japanese immigrants to farm the coffee. Over time, these developed into large coffee plantations. Although the coffee market crashed in 1899, it soon rebounded. Soon after, growing coffee became a major industry in Hawaii.

Today, thousands of acres are devoted to coffee production in Hawaii, with plantations on all of the major islands. This is the only state in the country currently producing coffee commercially. Annual production is estimated at 7 to 8 million pounds of beans, according to the FDA. In Hawaii, the coffee trees start to bloom in February or March. By April, green berries can be seen on the plants. By August, they are ready for hand picking. The picking process usually takes place around the clock to harvest the beans at their peak. Many Hawaiian coffee plantations are open for tours during this time, allowing tourists a glimpse of the process and the opportunity to learn about this unique industry.

After the picking process, sought-after Kona coffee beans are placed into several classifications, with the major ones being Type I and peaberry. From there, this coffee is shipped all over the world. Coffee from Hawaii can be found at stores and coffee shops in every corner of the globe. The next time you take a sip of Hawaiian coffee, relax while thinking of the beautiful islands where it is grown.

The history of the inhabitants of the Hawaiian Islands begins several thousand years ago when they migrated from other Polynesian islands. Little is known of this early period of Hawaiian history except what can be discerned through archaeological evidence and oral traditions.

It is believed that throughout this early history, each island of the chain had its own individual rulers. These rules competed amongst themselves to become King of a united Hawaii, and many saw a pressing need for a single ruler to unite all of these competing factions. The first King of Hawaii, Kamehameha I established his authority by conquering each island in the chain until the chain had finally been united.

Before the time of a united Kingdom, the women of Hawaii were bound by the rigid Kapu system, which included many rules that had become a comprehensive social and religious system. For example, men and women were required to eat separately. Many of these rules were changed during the time of King Kamehameha I, when his wife, Queen Kaahumanu, ate with the men. The outdated Kapus were finally changed, which caused a stir throughout Hawaiian society.

King Kamehameha the II, otherwise known as Liholiho, became the next King, at the age of 22, following his father's death. Queen Kaahuman argued that she was the rightful heir, and Liholiho agreed to share the throne.

Liholiho traveled to England with other Hawaiian nobles, where they toured England and were entertained by English royalty. Unfortunately, they contracted measles while in Europe, and upon their return to Hawaii, spread the disease amongst the native Hawaiians. King Kamehameha II and many of the people of Hawaii perished in the outbreak of measles.

King Kamehameha III, also known as Kauikeaouli, came to power in 1825 after his brother’s death. He was 10 years old when he came to the throne, and ruled for 29 years. As with many Hawaiian nobles, he had married his sister, Princess Nahienaena, in order to keep the bloodlines pure. When missionaries visited the islands, their love was now forbidden.  Princess Nahienaena refused to eat and died at the age of 21 years old. The King carried the grief of his sister’s untimely death with him for the rest of his life.

The last of the great King’s sons to rule, he dealt with changes unlike any the islands had ever seen before. During the 29 years that he ruled, Kauikeaowli dealt with increasingly important foreign concerns and issues. It was under this political climate that the first grandson of the Great Kamehameha I (known as Kamehameha IV, or Alexander Liholiho) became King, serving from 1854 to 1863.

The last of the Kamehameha line was King Kamehameha V, Lot.  He was brother to King IV and second grandson to the first King. Lot was the last to rule by the old traditions. After him, those that ruled Hawaii had to be elected by the Hawaiian Legislature, rather than belonging to noble bloodlines. Serving from 1863 to 1872, Lot tried to make peace, but it was a difficult time, especially in the Legislature where native Hawaiians refused to speak English, and white legislators refused to speak Hawaiian. Within the span of a few generations, the Kamehameha bloodline had seen significant changes in the Hawaiian lifestyle and political structure – and these changes would continue to happen after the end of the dynasty.

Petroglyph carvings are made with one stone used as a hammer and a second stone sharp enough to carve out the image of the petroglyph. Though these stone engravings are more closely associated with other areas of the globe, in fact petroglyph sites can be found as evidence of ancient peoples all over the world.

European petroglyphs are considered to be the oldest, estimated to be more than 10,000 years old. Throughout Polynesia, there are numerous examples of petroglyphs, many dating back thousands of years. Of the island chains, Hawaii has the largest number of known petroglyphs. They are found all over the island.

For identification purposes, the Hawaiian petroglyphs have been separated into three categories or styles: descriptive, symbolic, and cryptic.  Descriptive glyphs are easily recognizable objects, such as people, plants, and animals, which need little interpretation to be understandable to modern viewers. Symbolic images are those that, while recognizable, have meanings that could be interpreted in any number of ways. The exact meaning was known only by the creator, and today it may only be possible to guess at the meanings behind the symbols.

Cryptic glyphs are even less clear as to their meaning, and these are the subject of much debate. Some researchers suggest that cryptic symbols have double meanings and in some cases hidden meanings. Certainly these images have a personal or spiritual meaning at which modern man can only guess.

Some of these symbols exist in other form to the present day; these are Hawaiian tribal tattoos inspired by the stone petroglyph carvings. In fact, in modern times it has become very popular with native Hawaiians to wear tribal tattoos taken from the images of the petroglyphs. It is clear that the Hawaiians of today find deep spiritual meaning in these images. Often, it is a point of pride to have one of these ancient images tattooed as a way to connect with ancient Hawaiian ancestry.

The petroglyphs depict everyday life as well as special events and ceremonies. Often, the images are meant to record important happenings. Other instances of petroglyphs were carved during the ceremony itself. One such ceremony occurred following the birth of a baby. During this ceremony, a hole bored into the face of the stone allowed for the insertion of the piko, or umbilical cord, of a newly born child. This ceremony was said to ensure the long life of the baby.

The largest concentration of Hawaiian petroglyphs can be found in the fields of Pu’u Loa, located in Hawaii’s Volcano National Park. Tourists come in large numbers to this area to look at the stone carvings. Other petroglyph sites can be found throughout the island. Sadly, there have been cases of vandalism, and some of the glyphs are damaged due to past attempts at stealing them. These stone carvings, thousands of years old, are also susceptible to the forces of time, making them very fragile. Although there are many tours that will take you to petroglyph sites, care must be taken to treat them with respect.

The Hawaiian Garden of the Gods, also known as Keahikawelo, is located on the island of Lanai and is perhaps the most distinctive landscape in all of Hawaii. Years of erosion have made rock formations that look similar to a modern art sculpture. The appearance of this natural rock garden has been likened to a moonscape or something other worldly, like you might see if you had the chance to visit another planet. On the Northwest side of the island of Lanai, Keahikawelo is known for rock towers and huge boulders.

This rock garden is only about 45 minutes from the town of Lanai, but very soon after you leave the city limits the road becomes accessible only by those driving an off-road vehicle. Like many of the landmarks on the island, the Hawaiian Garden of the Gods is a remote area, leaving it looking pristine even though it remains a popular tourist destination.

The mythology explaining this naturally occurring wonder is varied, with many different stories of how this unusual landscape came to exist. According to one explanation, the Gods once had a beautiful garden. When they tended it, they discarded unwanted rocks from their garden in this location, which makes the strange and haunting landscape.

The second story proposes that two Kahuna (Priests) engaged in a contest  to see who could make a fire burn for the longest. According to the legend, Kawelo, the Kahuna of the island of Lanai, burned so much of the island's vegetation in his quest to win the contest that the landscape was permanently transformed into a stark desert. Regardless of whether you believe this mythological tale, that does seem to be an apt description of the landscape.

There are other explanations for the landscape, too. One says that the rock formations house the spirits of fallen warriors. Other theory is that the land is where Gods store the naturally-occurring objects that they perceive to be artistically beautiful. Clearly, this unusual landscape has inspired a variety of theories to explain its existence. Upon visiting Keahikawelo, you'll surely find yourself wondering how the landscape was created.

It is said that sunset is the most beautiful time to take pictures of the rock formations. The shadows are thrown long and the rock formations give beautiful colors as the light reflects off of them. Other accounts state that sunrise is the best time to view this natural wonder. The garden's elevation is high up enough that visitors enjoy a beautiful view of the ocean as a backdrop. This popular photo opportunity is sure to be a favorite part of your Hawaiian vacation.

The Garden of the Gods is one of Lanai's must-visit tourist attractions. Tours can be arranged from Lana'i City, the largest settlement on the island. Remember to bring water and snacks, as there are no facilities available to the public. If you are the adventurous type, you can also rent off-road bikes to explore the distinctive landscape. Just remember not to touch the rock formations so that they will still be here for later generations to enjoy.

Kava, also known as Kava Kava, is found primarily in the South Pacific. Historically, this plant has been used by many Polynesian cultures. The tea of the Kava plant is known to provide a calming effect while maintaining mental clarity. Originally a drink that was consumed only by the royalty on the islands, Kava was first introduced to the western world by Captain Cook during his exploration of the South Pacific in the eighteenth century.

The Kava plant is associated with the pepper family. It has been found that the active properties causing the calming effects of Kava tea come from kavalactones which can be found in the roots of the plants.  These properties remain in Kava tea once the roots of the plant are dried, ground into a powder, and consumed in the form of a beverage.

This drink has a bitter or sour taste, which is actually what the word 'Kava' means in several Polynesian islands' languages. In fact, in these locales the word 'Kava' may be used to describe the taste in general, not just that of the plant.

Kava has traditionally been used to fight fatigue or rid a person of depression while keeping the mind alert. Kava can be found today at health food stores as a tea to be brewed for a variety of illnesses, such as asthma, urinary tract infections, weight loss, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. While today this drink is used widely for medicinal purposes, originally its consumption was frequently tied to ceremonies. Kava had a social, political, and spiritual significance to islanders and was used ceremonially in Tongan, Samoan, Fijian, and Hawaiian cultures as well as many other smaller Polynesia cultures. 

When served to royalties and during ceremonies, those participating drank in the order of their political importance. The drink was also served to welcome guests, celebrate a coming of age, or during the ceremonies related to naming a child or communicating with the supernatural. In these uses, this drink has been compared to the use of peyote or the smoking of the “peace pipe” by Native Americans, the chewing of coca leaves by Native Columbians and Peruvians, or the smoking of Opium in China and other parts of Asia.

In addition, this tea was consumed in much the way that alcoholic drinks are consumed in many modern cultures. In fact, colonists and missionaries visiting Polynesia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries treated Kava much the same way they treated alcohol. Its consumption was strongly discouraged, although the Polynesians continued to drink both Kava and alcoholic beverages.

Although the use of Kava was once strongly discouraged, Islanders have begun returning to their roots, and Kava tea is again becoming an important part of life on many Polynesian islands. The drink is also growing in popularity on the mainland. Many island nations have turned this traditional brew into a modern industry. Each type of Kava is distinct due to the weather, geography and soil type found on a particular island.

The history of exploration is rife with fantastic and wonderful accounts of adventure. There is none quite as fantastic as Captain Cook’s discovery of the Hawaiian Islands. It happened on his third and final voyage. By this time, Cook had honorably retired from the Royal Navy. After returning from his second trip, however, Cook could not resist the lure of another voyage and set sail again.

By this time, Cook was already recognized as a very accomplished explorers, having accomplished the highest of honors in English society and of European society in general. His previous discoveries had made England the forerunner in exploration of the New World. At the same time, his many accomplishments had given him a somewhat large ego and distorted perspective. According to some accounts, he was prone to outbursts and his health was suffering.

The original goal of the journey was to discover the famed Northwest Passage. As he began his third journey, Cook first explored the coast of California, then traveling up the Western coast of what would become the United States. Then he sailed up to the Bering Strait, but was unable to continue further. Instead, he turned back around, sailing to the Hawaiian Islands.

Cook sailed into Waimea, Kauai, becoming the first European to visit the island chain. Landing in January, 1778, he named the islands the “Sandwich Islands” after the fourth Earl of Sandwich. His arrival happened to coincide with the native celebration of Makahiki which was a harvest celebration honoring the Hawaiian god, Lono. Cook’s arrival navigated the Bay in the same way it was said that the god Lono arrived and the look and appearance of the ship made it look as if their God Lono had landed on their shores. He was received with reverence and honor, and he and his crew were given the best of treatment from the Hawaiians. 

After his time on the Island of Hawaii, Cook set out to return to the Northwest Pacific coast to once again attempt to sail the Bering Strait. Unfortunately his ship suffered a broken mast, forcing Cook to turn back to Hawaii, landing in Kealakekua Bay on the Island of Hawaii in 1779. This time, the reception was much different, as he was met by hostile Hawaiian natives. It is believed that the reason behind the change has to do with timing. The first visit was timed during a celebration associated with peace. In addition, it is believed that Cook's view of the world and the importance of Europeans within it also contributed to the breakdown of relations with the Hawaiians.

The Hawaiians captured one of the smaller boats of Cook’s expedition. Captain James Cook himself perished on February 14, 1779, from a knife wound received in battle with Hawaiian natives, and several of his officers died with him in this battle. Still, Cook's travels were not in vain. Much of what we know of ancient Hawaiian civilization comes from journals created during this voyage. Sadly, they depict a culture that would soon be overtaken by European explorers and missionaries traveling in the wake of Captain Cook's voyage.

Getting married can be a very happy and exciting time in a persons life. Getting married can also be scary and stressful time in your life. Weddings can be very expensive. After you spend all the money for a once in a lifetime wedding, you are then going to be shelling out even more on a honeymoon.

Those who want to spend their money wisely often spend months researching the best honeymoon destinations. After all, you get to want the most bang out of your buck. Regardless of if you are on a budget or have plenty to spend, good honeymoon advice can help you make your honeymoon a special time.

Year after year, Hawaii remains at the top of the list for popular honeymoon destinations. Of course, there are dozens of options even within this single island chain. Oahu is the biggest and most commonly visited of the islands. If you have never been to Hawaii, then Oahu is a good place to start. This island is much more cosmopolitan and has plenty of things to do and see. Of course, even if you never leave the hotel room you'll have a wonderful stay; Oahu offers plenty of accommodations to fit every budget.

For honeymoons, many couples head to the Hawaiian island of Kauai instead. Those looking for a quiet honeymoon with plenty of time for romance enjoy Kauia's more serene feeling. If you want peace and quiet, surrounded by natural beauty, then head to Kauai.

Away from Hawaii, tropical getaways are always popular honeymoon destinations. Some of the most common choices for those on their honeymoon include Bora Bora, Fiji, Tahiti, and other exotic locales in the South Pacific. An added benefit of many of these islands is that they're far away from the crowds, leaving you plenty of time to enjoy each other's company without fighting through throngs of tourists as you travel the island.

All of the Polynesian islands remain quite popular romantic getaways. Sunny skies, the sights and sounds of the beautiful blue ocean, and the unique cultures of this area of the world combine to create a breathtaking and memorable trip.

Europe is another popular honeymoon destination. If you are headed across the pond, Western Europe tends to be more popular, and is considered much safer then the Eastern part of Europe. While Eastern Europe can be more exotic and unique, since you already have lots on your mind when planning a honeymoon stick to the well traveled areas of Western Europe, where most areas will be accustomed to honeymooners. Of course, no matter where you travel in Europe there are plenty of historical and cultural sights to see.

Not all European destinations are equal and some places may be better for honeymooners then others. The U.K. is particularly popular for those who feel more comfortable traveling in areas where they speak the same language. France is another popular and romantic destination with lots of sights, including the Eiffel tower. Both France and Italy are viewed as romantic destinations for those traveling on their honeymoon. The Germanic regions may not have lots of tourist sites, but if you want to travel to a beautiful location, Germany, Switzerland, and Austria may be your ideal honeymoon destinations.

Wherever you choose for your honeymoon destination, there is one last piece of advice: the destination you ultimately select is not as important as the person you are with.

Smoothies have become a very popular treat, with smoothie shops popping up all over the country. Whether you visit an independent smoothie business or one of the large retail chains such as Jamba Juice, sipping this fruity concoction is like a mini vacation. One reason that smoothies are so popular right now is because they are so healthy for you. Not only are they good for you, but they also taste good too. There are advantages to drinking smoothies and even advantages to making your own tropical smoothie. These delicious drinks mix a variety of fruits together, giving you a greater range of vitamins for improved health, not to mention a unique flavor that can't be beat.

Did you know that you can create delicious smoothies at home? These make a sweet and delicious breakfast, a refreshing snack, or even an alternative to mai tais and pina coladas at your next tropically-themed gathering. Sipping these fruity drinks, your guests will be sure to feel like they've been transported to a sunny tropical island.

The best tasting smoothies are tropical smoothies. Most smoothies contain popular fruits that you may even be able to grow locally in your own garden such as oranges, grapes, raspberries, strawberries, and lemons, One of the most popular tropical smoothie ingredients is the banana. The banana is often mixed with other fruits to create a tropical blend. Though most smoothie shops offer a variety of smoothie flavors, by making yours at home you can completely customize the recipe. Mixing a tropical smoothie at home cost less than visiting a shop and gives you many more options when it comes to ingredients and flavor. For example, you can mix more exotic fruits like star fruit or passion fruit that they will not have at a smoothie shop.

At first making your own smoothie may sound overwhelming but it takes very little culinary experience or skill. The most difficult thing you will need to know how to do in order to make a tropical smoothie at home is how to use a blender.

Making a tropical smoothie is simple. All you will need is some yogurt and some tropical fruits of your choice. There are many possible choices. In addition to the fruits listed above, your drink may contain kiwi, pineapple, or mango, for example. You can also add in flavored juices. Flavored juices help if you can not get all the tropical fruits you want. You can also water down the mix by adding ice. Many smoothie shops use a lot of ice in their recipes.

Put the fruits in the blender with about a cup of yogurt. Add a little more yogurt if you want to make a larger quantity, or less yogurt if you prefer a stronger flavor. Most people like a tropical smoothie that is well blended, while others prefer to leave bigger chunks of fruit in the mix. Blend it until it's the perfect texture, pour into a glass, and enjoy! For your next luau party or tropical barbecue, use glasses shaped like tiki statues and add a paper umbrella for the perfect tiki touch.

The ancient Polynesians were some of the worlds best navigators. They were able to travel all across the Pacific Ocean in small and primitive vessels, sailing great distances between islands and finding their way home, as well as discovering new islands. For example, many researchers believe that they were the first to settle the island chain we now know as Hawaii, as well as Easter Island and New Zealand, though these islands are separated by an expansive ocean.

These early Polynesian people were able to do this with no modern instruments or technology. Even today what they were able to accomplish in simple vessels requires an experienced sailor. What they could accomplish is nothing short of miraculous. The big question is how did the ancient Polynesians navigate the seas?

While some assume that the Polynesians must have developed one scientifically innovative navigational tool that allowed them to navigate the seas. However, their renowned navigational skills were actually supported not by a single method, but a mixture of many navigational tools that allowed them to accomplish this feat.

Historians believe that ancient Polynesians passed down their navigational abilities from generation to generation primarily by word of mouth. They are believed to have memorized the position of the stars in order to navigate, and it is known that the Polynesians had names for at least 150 stars. This is just a very small part of their abilities, however. Successfully navigating the open seas requires much more than an ability to determine their location accurately.

Ancient Polynesians also memorized the weather, knew when the sun would appear and set at certain times of the year in different locations, local wildlife, travel time, currents for the time of the year, ocean currents and swells, and many other things that most of us do not even think about or notice. It is also believed that navigators in some areas of Polynesia, particularly in the Marshall Islands, created maps known as 'stick charts' with seashells and sticks to mark the directions of currents. It was not one thing but many things that allowed them to navigate the great distance between the islands of Polynesia.

Many of these practices were actually quite secretive. Each island in Polynesia once had its own guild of navigators. These people held very high status in the community, given the essential uses for their knowledge.

To this day, some of their descendants still use some of the same techniques that their ancestors have used for centuries. However, other abilities have been lost to time as they fell out of use following contact with Europeans.  Because few of these practices were ever written down, our knowledge comes from modern-day navigation as well as observations by the few Europeans to pass through the islands centuries ago.

Researchers continue to uncover more about the practices of ancient Polynesians. For instance, it is not believed that the Polynesians made it all the way to the Americas prior to the famous voyage of Columbus in 1492. Since the 1960s, several research teams have conducted sailing experiments using the techniques and canoe styles they believe the ancient Polynesians would have used.

Samoa is a new and exciting location for anyone interested in tropical vacations. A bit off the beaten path, it's the perfect choice for those who are looking for an unusual and exotic vacation. If you’re interested in traveling to places like Fiji or Hawaii, you may also be interested in Samoa as a possible vacation destination.

An island chain located in the South Pacific, Samoa became independent from New Zealand in 1962, and joined the United Nations in 1976. Situated East of the International Date Line, in the Polynesian region of the Pacific Ocean, visitors enjoy year-round temperatures of 70 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit, making this a popular tropical destination, particularly during the Winter months.

The two main islands of Samoa are Upolu and Savai’i; there are also eight smaller islands. The total area of the country is about the size of the state of Rhode Island. Savai'i, the largest of the Samoan islands, has a population of about 42,000 year-round residents. Upolo Island was formed by a massive volcano, and is home to Faleolo International Airport, through which most vacationers fly in and out of the country.

If you’re interested in foreign cultures, you’ll no doubt enjoy touring the Samoan Islands and experiencing some of the native culture. Though Samoa shares much in common with other Polynesian islands, such as the ideology of tiki gods, many visitors have noted that the culture here is one that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. Native Samoans are world-famous for their unique style of tattooing. Though somewhat similar to the tattoo art form practiced by the Maori of New Zealand, the patterns of triangles and lines tattooed by Samoans are found only in this culture. 

If you’re interested in history or native cultures, you may be interested in checking out the Tia Seu Ancient Mound, also known as the Pulemelei mound. On the eastern side of Savai’i, this stone pyramid is believed to have been constructed nearly a thousand years ago, though much of its construction and use remains shrouded in mystery. Lefaga Village is the largest traditional settlement on the island, and today is home to about 800-900 native Samoans. The movie “Return to Paradise” was filmed here in 1952, and today the area remains a popular destination for tourists hoping to experience authentic Samoan culture.

Samoa offers something for everyone, from the world traveler to the honeymooners to the family with small children. The attractions here include the grave of famous Scottish writer Robert Louis Stevenson (of Treasure Island and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde fame), an annual International Jazz and Blues festival, a rainforest park, surfing, diving, sports and various historical landmarks. It is also known for having a bit of a Pirates of the Caribbean or Treasure Island atmosphere. The pristine beaches and great snorkeling and diving are some of Samoa's most famous tourist attractions. In addition to the other great natural features that a visitor can enjoy while in Samoa, you can also enjoy lava caves.

No matter where you live – in the tropics, or somewhere substantially colder – you may be interested in creating a small tropical oasis in your backyard. Though it is certainly easier to gain the 'tropical' effect in a climate that's somewhat close to tropical, growing a tropical garden is even possible if your area gets well below freezing during the winter. Depending on where you are located, you may need plants that are a little bit more resilient to the cold  or rain, of course. Not everyone can live in a tropical paradise,but everyone can grow a tropical garden.

If you’re looking to give a little tropical edge to your backyard garden, look no further than hibiscus, bamboo, ginger and gardenia. When you picture a tropical garden, your mental image probably includes at least one or two of these plant varieties. Here are some tips for growing some of these tropical plants in your own backyard:

Hibiscus - The Hibiscus calls to mind images of Hawaii, Jamaica and the Caribbean.  This tropical flower can be coaxed into living in more temperate areas with careful attention. You’ll want to choose an area of your garden that gets as much sunlight as possible and has well-draining soil. Space the plants out three to six feet from each other, and make sure that they get at least an inch of water per week.

Gardenia - Gardenias can add a touch of color to your backyard garden, but you should be aware of a few things before attempting to grow these temperamental plants. Gardenias require extremely well drained areas and often fall victim to pests. Although the flowers and plants themselves are quite beautiful,  they will require a significant amount of attention in order to keep them healthy.

Bamboo - Those planning to grow bamboo should be cautioned that many varieties will easily overtake any space they're given. Some also grow to extremely tall heights in a short period of time, which may not be ideal for your garden. Look for a slow spreading variety known for a reasonable height, and consider planting your bamboo within a concrete barrier so that it doesn't take over the rest of your garden. Otherwise, bamboo is relatively hardy, making it a good choice for many climates.

Ginger - Ginger is known for beautiful clusters of white and pink buds, blooming into cheerful yellow flowers. Often used as landscaping around homes in warmer climates, it has the potential to grow up to three or four feet tall. In cooler climates, it can be grown indoors as a potted plant. Outdoors, ginger plants enjoy filtered sunlight, a sheltered location, and humidity. It doesn't do well in direct sun, soggy soil, or areas that frost over during the winter.

Naturally, there are plenty of other plants that you might want to consider, depending on your location. Palms and ferns of all varieties can add an additional tropical flair to your backyard oasis. Regardless of the plants you choose for your tropical garden, make sure that the area is properly prepared for the plant's needs, including its sunlight, drainage and pH requirements. Different plants grow differently in various geographic locations, and it will certainly be advantageous to assess your challenges prior to planning your garden. Consider consulting with a garden supply store in your area, since gardeners in your region will be aware of the particular challenges of growing different species there.

Winter in North America is often a good time to take a nice, long, sunny vacation from the dreary, cloudy weather that often affects our hemisphere. If you’re thinking about taking a tropical vacation there is a wide range of potential destinations that you might choose from. There are, of course, the standard locations, such as Hawaii and the Caribbean, but you might also be interested in vacationing in less populous areas such as Fiji and the Polynesian Islands.

If it’s sun you crave, you can venture on a cruise through the Caribbean, which often make stops at the ports of Jamaica and the Dominican Republic. Imagine spending a week out of the cold and gray winter months in the warm sun of South America.

If the tropics of the Gulf Coast don’t appeal to you, perhaps a Hawaiian vacation is more your style. Any one of the Hawaiian islands, will offer just about anything you’re looking for in a tropical vacation destination, though of course each island also has its own 'feel.' The Big Island, for example, has great shopping and dining possibilities, though it's also quite well traveled by tourists. For peace and quiet, check out some of the other islands, especially Kauai’i.

If you’re looking for something even more remote, you may want to check out the Fijian islands. This archipelago lays in the Pacific Ocean, and many of the islands are uninhabited. On those that are inhabited, you'll have one of the best opportunities in the world to experience a traditional island culture. In fact, islands that are “off the beaten path” offer some of the most unique vacation experiences, since you'll truly be able to get a feel for the native culture.

Though most people think of the South Pacific when they want to travel to the tropics, several other regions of the world offer a similar vacation atmosphere. If you’re looking for something abroad, you might consider traveling to Ibiza, one of the few tropical destinations for Europeans who don’t want to travel too far from the mainland. Ibiza is a common destination for college students, and so is more of a party town then some of the other destinations mentioned above.

When it comes to selecting a tropical vacation destination, always consider the type of vacation you're after. Those with kids looking to explore the sights of an exotic locale should probably steer clear of party cruises and locations such as Ibiza. If you're planning your honeymoon, you may want to choose one of the quieter and more romantic islands to truly “get away from it all.” If you're someone who wants to pack as many varied activities as possible into a single week, consider a multi-island cruise or one of the top tropical destinations, such as the Big Island of Hawaii, which offer countless activities for vacationers. Either way, pack your sunscreen, your bathing suit and your water wings – it’s time to catch some rays and take a dip!

Polynesia is home to a dynamic island culture. Perhaps best known for a culture incorporating tiki gods, Polynesia is also known for great food! if you’re thinking of hosting a luau or a tropical party, one of the most important steps of your party planning process is to seek out Polynesian recipes. While many of these mirror similar dishes found in Hawaiian cuisine, others are unique to the native Polynesians, or blend a wide array of culinary traditions, including those found in Hawaii, Asia, and even the mainland U.S.

When most people think of Polynesian food, they think of dishes featuring chicken, poi, and/or pineapple. These are certainly a few staple ingredients found at most Polynesian meals. Traditionally the Polynesian diet also features taro root and sweet potatoes, as well as rice and beans. Hawaiian baked beans, one staple dish, often comprise a large part of both Hawaiian and Polynesian fare.

For sweet recipes, the Polynesian diet often incorporates banana and coconut, like many other tropical islands. Both of these crops are traditionally grown on the Polynesian islands, and using them as ingredients for your luau menu will certainly provide an added flavor of authenticity.

Of all of these traditional Polynesian ingredients, taro root and poi are the two that are typically unfamiliar to American audiences. Taro root is the root of a tuber plant, related to yams and potatoes. Considered a staple in many cultures of Africa, Oceania, and Asia, it has a texture similar to that of a sweet potato, with a flavor like that of a potato. In the U.S., it can be found at most supermarkets carrying a large selection of Asian foods. Poi is made from the taro plant, which is cooked and then mashed into a pudding-like consistency.

Although these two ingredients are not typically found in dishes created in the mainland U.S., most of the other ingredients needed for Polynesian recipes can easily be found in any grocery store. Who says that you must be in Hawaii to experience a luau, or Polynesia to experience a delicious Polynesian feast? You can cook easy Polynesian-inspired dishes in your own home, using ingredients you're already familiar with.

For the most part, Polynesian food is traditionally cooked in an earthen oven. For your own Polynesian party, this means plenty of baked dishes, though of course you can use your regular oven as an alternative to the traditional earthen oven.

Often, the key to creating the perfect menu for a luau or tiki-themed party lies in authentic Polynesian fare that's familiar enough to please mainland palates. This was certainly true in the tiki lounges that sprang up in the 1930s, tiki bars during the tiki craze of the 50's and 60's, and in today's restaurants around the world that feature Polynesian-inspired menus.

For the main course, look towards sweet and sour sauce for something that's a bit familiar to most mainland tastebuds, yet also quite exotic and tropical. Most people are familiar with this sauce from Chinese restaurants. Recipes for Polynesian sweet and sour sauce typically require sugar and white vinegar, and are used to coat pork, chicken, or shrimp. As an alternative to sweet and sour, use soy sauce to coat the meat. Fried rice is another great dish that is certainly Polynesian, yet also familiar to those on the mainland.